BLDC motor control systems analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2025.4.223.22Keywords:
BLDC motor, control method, back EMF, torque, control system, controller, PID controller, vector control, direct torque controlAbstract
Modern BLDC motor control methods play a key role in ensuring the efficiency and reliability of their operation. Until recently, controlling these motors was a complex task, requiring high costs for specialized equipment and software. However, thanks to the constant development of technology, today's control methods have become more accessible and effective. The purpose of this study is to review English-language scientific sources devoted to BLDC motor control methods. Studying this issue will allow to obtain a deeper understanding of current trends and achievements in this area, which plays an important role in the further development of electrical systems and devices. Thus, this article sets itself the task of systematizing and analysing the scientific literature on BLDC motor control in order to highlight the current state of research in this area and identify prospects for further development. This article discusses the main aspects control systems for brushless DC motors (BLDC), which play an important role in modern technologies. The relevance of the study lies in the need to develop effective and reliable control systems to ensure optimal performance and functionality of devices using BLDC motors.
References
Visconti P., Primiceri P. An overview on state-of-art and future application fields of BLDC motors: design and characterization of a PC-interfaced driving and motion control system // ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sci-ences. 2017. Vol. 12, No. 17. P. 4913–4926.
Zhao J., Yu Y. Brushless DC Motor Fundamentals // Monolithic Power Systems. Application Note AN047 Rev. 1.0. 2014.
Trofimov P., Sokol E. BLDC motor simulation model with configurable BEMF in Julia // Bulletin of the National Technical University “KhPI”. Series: New solutions in modern technology. 2025. No 1(23). P. 62–69. https://doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2025.01.08
Шавьолкін О. О. Енергетична електроніка : навч. посіб. Київ : КНУТД, 2017. 396 с.
Solbakken Y. SPACE VECTOR PWM INTRO // Internet resource. 2017. https://www.switchcraft.org/learning/2017/3/15/space-vector-pwm-intro
Kolano K. Improved Sensor Control Method for BLDC Motors // IEEE Access. 2019. Vol. 7. P. 186158–186166. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2960580
Saha B., Sen A., Singh B., Mahtani K., Sánchez-Fernández J. A. Quadrature-Phase-Locked-Loop-Based Back-Electromotive Force Observer for Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Drive Control in Solar-Powered Electric Vehicles // Appl. Sci. 2025. Vol. 15, No 2. P. 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020574
Wen H., Yao X. Sensorless control of BLDCM based on STSMO // Proc. SPIE. 2024. Vol. 13445. P. 1344507. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054414
Patel V. K. R. S., Pandey A. K. Modeling and Performance Analysis of PID Controlled BLDC Motor and Different Schemes of PWM Controlled BLDC Motor // International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2013. Vol. 3, Issue 4. P. 1–12.
Rajinth S., Abeykoon C., Maithripala D. H. S. Design of a Sensorless Field Oriented Control Drive for Brushless DC Motors // Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Control, Dynamic Systems, and Robotics (CDSR 2022). Niagara Falls, Canada, 2022. P. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.11159/cdsr22.180
Carey K. D., Zimmerman N., Ababei C. Hybrid field oriented and direct torque control for sensorless BLDC mo-tors used in aerial drones // IET Power Electron. 2019. Vol. 12, No 3. P. 438–449. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5231
Ozturk S. B. Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Non-Sinusoidal Back-EMF. Istanbul Technical University ; Texas A&M University, 2008.
Ghule A. B., Sankeshwari S. S. Sliding Mode Observer for Torque Control in Sensorless BLDC Motor // IOSR J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2015. Vol. 10, Issue 5, Ver. I. P. 16–20. https://doi.org/10.9790/1676-10511620
Praptodiyono S., Maghfiroh H., Hermanu C. BLDC Motor Control Optimization Using Optimal Adaptive PI Al-gorithm // J. Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi. 2020. Vol. 20, No 2. P. 47–52. https://doi.org/10.14203/jet.v20.47-52
Rehman A., Kumar Singh A. Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Approach of PID Controller // Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2022. Vol. 10, Issue V. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43542
Azab M. Comparative Study of BLDC Motor Drives with Different Approaches: FCS-Model Predictive Control and Hysteresis Current Control // World Electr. Veh. J. 2022. Vol. 13, No 7. P. 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13070112
Adıgüzel F., Türker T. A periodic adaptive controller for the torque loop of variable speed brushless DC motor drives with non-ideal back-electromotive force // Automatika. 2022. Vol. 63, No 4. P. 732–744. https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2022.2065802
Praveen Kumar L., Sreepal Reddy K. Adaptive Variable Speed Control Scheme for Wind Based on PFC of BLDC Drive Applications // Int. J. Mod. Trends Sci. Technol. 2016. Vol. 2, No 9. P. 142–148. https://doi.org/10.29126/ijmtst.2.9.142
Utomo D. S. B., Rizal A., Fanany A., Gaffar O. Model Reference Neural Adaptive Control Based BLDC Motor Speed Control // Academia.edu. 2019. P. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36694.73283
Hemalatha N., Venkatesan S., Kannan R. Sensorless speed and position control of permanent magnet BLDC mo-tor using particle swarm optimization and ANFIS // Measurement: Sensors. 2024. Vol. 31. P. 100960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2023.100960
Mopidevia S., Kiransai D. Design, control and performance comparison of PI and ANFIS controllers for BLDC motor driven electric vehicles // Measurement: Sensors. 2024. Vol. 31. P. 101001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2023.101001
Rajinth S., Abeykoon C., Maithripala D. H. S. Design of a Sensorless Field Oriented Control Drive for Brushless DC Motors // Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Control, Dynamic Systems, and Robotics (CDSR 2022). Niagara Falls, Canada, 2022. P. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.11159/cdsr22.180
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


