Characteristics of the eigenmodes of a photonic crystal waveguide in a kagome lattice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2025.3.222.19Keywords:
photonic crystal waveguide, kagome lattice, dispersion diagram, photonic band gap, inhibited mode couplingAbstract
A photonic crystal waveguide with a hollow channel has been theoretically investigated. Waveguide cladding consists of an array of dielectric cylinders placed at the nodes of the kagome lattice. The dispersion diagrams of the photonic crystal cladding and the waveguide have been obtained on the basis of numerical calculations by the plane wave expansion method using the MIT Photonic Bands package. Several photonic band gaps of the cladding have been obtained for the considered system parameters. Waveguide eigenmodes with field energy localization in the hollow channel have been realized in each band gap. An additional waveguide eigenmode of the photonic crystal structure has been identified with the frequency locating outside the photonic band gaps. A physical justification for the implementation of an additional mechanism for field energy localization in the hollow waveguide channel, not involving either total internal reflection or the photonic band gap, has been proposed. This mechanism is similar to the mechanism of the so-called inhibited coupling between the modes of the hollow waveguide channel and the cladding modes, theoretically and experimentally investigated in photonic crystal fiber waveguides with a kagome lattice. The spatial distributions calculations results for the electric field of the photonic crystal structure eigenmodes show the effective localization of the field energy in the hollow channel for all the found waveguide modes. The difference in the spatial distribution of the eigenmode field, corresponding to the mechanism of inhibited coupling, is the presence of weak oscillations of the field in the entire space of the waveguide cladding. This indicates the existence of eigenmodes of the cladding, for which the energy exchange with the modes of the hollow channel is weak. The noted field oscillations are absent for the eigenmodes of the waveguide, the frequencies of which are within the photonic band gap of the waveguide cladding.
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