The Kupyna hash function application to SPHINCS+ signatures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2019.3.198.17Keywords:
Postquantum Cryptography, Signature Scheme, Hash Function, Kupyna, SPHINCS , Merkle TreesAbstract
In recent years, there has been a substantial amount of research on quantum computers – machines that exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to solve mathematical problems that are difficult or intractable for conventional computers. The possibility of quantum attacks formed a new chapter in cryptology field – postquantum cryptology, where DSA schemes became one of the main research vectors. The most representative samples are schemes based on hash transformations. Hash-based signature schemes were developed as one-time signature schemes in the late 1970s by Lamport and extended to more signatures by Merkle. In further more complicated schemes were introduced. NIST declared about the competition of new postquantum standards both for encryption (key generation) and signatures As for the 2nd round there are 9 Digital signature candidates. SPHINCS+ (former SPHINCS) is in the list. The algorithm can be briefly described as a stateless hash-based signature scheme. It uses many components from XMSS but works with larger keys and signature to eliminate state. The scheme can be used with different hash functions. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the application of the national standard hash function the scheme of the NIST submission candidate SPHINCS+. The research showed the national standard hash could be applied to the seed randomness generation and hashing the input message. Since Kupyna function returns fixed-size output, its application looks similar to SHA-256 hashes.References
Daniel J. Bernstein, Daira Hopwood, Andreas Hülsing, Tanja Lange, Ruben Niederha-gen, Louiza Papachristodoulou, Michael Schneider, Peter Schwabe, and Zooko Wilcox-O’Hearn. SPHINCS: Practical Stateless Hash-Based Signatures. In Elisabeth Oswaldand Marc Fischlin, editors, EUROCRYPT 2015, volume 9056 of LNCS, pages 368–397.Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015.
Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Daniel J. Bernstein, Christoph Dobraunig, Maria Eichlseder, Scott Fluhrer, Stefan Lukas Gazdag, Andreas Hülsing, Panos Kampanakis, Stefan Kölbl, Tanja Lange, Martin M. Lauridsen, Florian Mendel, Ruben Niederhagen, Christian Rechberger, Joost Rijneveld, Peter Schwabe. SPHINCS+ – Submission to the 2nd round of the NIST post-quantum project. Specification document (part of the submission package). 2019-03-14
Andreas Hülsing, Joost Rijneveld, and Fang Song. Mitigating multi-target attacks inhash-based signatures. In Chen-Mou Cheng, Kai-Min Chung, Giuseppe Persiano, andBo-Yin Yang, editors,PKC 2016, volume 9614 of LNCS, pages 387–416. Springer BerlinHeidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016.
Roman Oliynykov, Ivan Gorbenko, Oleksandr Kazymyrov, Victor Ruzhentsev, Oleksandr Kuznetsov, Yurii Gorbenko, Artem Boiko, Oleksandr Dyrda, Viktor Dolgov, Andrii Pushkaryov. A New Standard of Ukraine: The Kupyna Hash Function. Cryptology ePrint Archive. Report 2015/885, 2015. https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/885.pdf
Christoph Dobraunig, Maria Eichlseder, and Florian Mendel. Analysis of the Kupyna-256 Hash Function, Graz University of Technology, Austria, Cryptology ePrint Archive. Report 2015/956, 2015. https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/956.pdf
Mendel F., Rechberger C., Schl affer M., Thomsen S.S.: Rebound attacks on the reduced Grøstl hash function. In: Pieprzyk, J. (ed.) Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2010. LNCS. vol. 5985. P. 350–365. Springer (2010)
Jean J., Naya-Plasencia M., Peyrin T. Improved rebound attack on the finalist Grøstl. In: Canteaut, A. (ed.) Fast Software Encryption – FSE 2012. LNCS. vol. 7549. P. 110–126. Springer (2012)
Peter Schwabe (September 23, 2019) SPHINCS+ Stateless hash-based signatures. Software Reference Implementation. Retrieved from https://sphincs.org/software.html
Klintsevich K., Okeya, Vuillaume C., Buchmann J., Dahmen E. Merkle signatures with virtually unlimited signature capacity. 5th International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security. ACNS07, 2007.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
